OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.
中歐投資(zī)協定，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業影響(xiǎng)幾何
2025年12月14日(ri)，中歐領導人(ren)共同宣布完(wan)成中歐全面(mian)投資協議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這(zhè)是一🏃個框架(jia)協議，旨在取(qu)代中國和歐(ou)盟成員國現(xian)有💞的雙🧑🏽🤝🧑🏻邊投(tou)資條約，構建(jiàn)統一的中歐(ōu)雙邊投資制(zhi)度。
這一談判(pan)經曆了35輪磋(cuo)商，前後持續(xu)超過7年，談判(pan)曾一度停💯滞(zhi)，近一年半内(nei)有所加快，終(zhong)于在2020年年底(di)完✉️成談判，這(zhe)也是繼區域(yù)全面經濟夥(huǒ)伴關系協定(dìng)（RCEP）之後，中國完(wan)成的另一個(gè)重大對㊙️外開(kāi)放舉措，也是(shì)在多年的逆(nì)全球化進程(cheng)中，多邊✌️主義(yì)取得的又一(yi)次🙇♀️意義重大(dà)的勝利。
那麼(me)，“中歐投資協(xié)定”談判的完(wán)成，對不鏽鋼(gāng)行業會有影(yǐng)響嗎？
一、如果(guo)“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐盟(meng)對中國還會(huì)有關🔞稅壁壘(lei)麼？
近年來，由(you)于歐盟對中(zhōng)國大陸的不(bú)鏽鋼出口持(chí)續的💋反傾銷(xiāo)，目前歐盟對(duì)中國大陸不(bu)鏽鋼的征收(shou)稅率高🛀達20%以(yi)上，那㊙️麼，如果(guǒ)“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐盟(méng)對🥰中國還會(hui)有關🐆稅壁壘(lei)麼？
首先需要(yào)明确的是，“中(zhōng)歐投資協定(dìng)”并不涉及關(guan)稅問題。其次(cì)，假設“中歐投(tou)資協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼出口有(yǒu)一🥰定利好，主(zhǔ)♌要系不鏽鋼(gāng)的相關制成(cheng)品，比如家電(diàn)等等。但初步(bu)談判完成，協(xié)議需進一步(bu)轉🔴化成法律(lü)條文，并經過(guo)歐洲議會批(pī)準後才可生(shēng)效。該👌過程預(yù)計🔆将在2021年下(xià)半🐕年才可開(kai)始。
二、從歐洲(zhōu)開放領域來(lai)看，“中歐投資(zi)協定”對中國(guó)不鏽❌鋼企業(ye)走出去有何(hé)影響？
但是(shì)從不鏽鋼企(qi)業角度而言(yán)，國内不鏽鋼(gāng)廠走出去🎯在(zài)歐盟建🔴廠的(de)可能性微乎(hū)其微。由于歐(ou)洲的廢鋼積(jī)累量比較大(dà)，中國不鏽鋼(gang)鋼廠走出去(qu)投資建設，在(zài)不鏽鋼冶煉(liàn)成本上可能(neng)會享有一些(xiē)優勢。但是目(mu)前歐💁洲的不(bu)鏽鋼鋼廠全(quan)🐅部使用電爐(lú)生産，若去歐(ōu)洲建廠，整體(ti)成本過于高(gao)昂。其次，從需(xū)求角度來講(jiang)，歐洲本土不(bú)鏽鋼生産逐(zhú)年下降，加之(zhī)由于新冠疫(yì)情的影響，歐(ōu)洲經濟陷入(ru)低迷，需求端(duān)維持弱勢。因(yīn)此，國内不鏽(xiu)鋼廠去歐洲(zhōu)建設工廠的(de)可能性，總體(ti)而言不存在(zài)。
三、從中國開(kāi)放領域來看(kàn)，“中歐投資協(xie)定”對國内的(de)不鏽鋼企業(yè)有何影響？
在(zai)談判中，中國(guo)答應進一步(bu)開放的領域(yù)包括制造業(yè)、汽車、金融服(fú)務業、醫療健(jian)康、通訊/雲服(fu)務、計算機服(fú)務、國際海運(yun)、航空運輸、商(shāng)業服務、環境(jing)服務等。目前(qian)，大約一半的(de)歐盟對華直(zhi)接投資集中(zhōng)在制造業領(ling)域，如運輸和(hé)電信設備、化(huà)學品、健康設(she)備等等。而汽(qì)車領域方面(mian)，中國同意逐(zhú)步取消合資(zī)企業要求，承(cheng)諾新能源汽(qi)車的市場準(zhun)入。此外，中國(guo)同意取消金(jin)融服務業及(jí)醫療健康領(ling)域中部分行(háng)業的合資要(yao)求。
站在歐盟(meng)的立場，歐盟(meng)在中國的汽(qi)車、消費品、生(sheng)物醫藥、金融(rong)服務和醫療(liao)衛生等衆多(duo)領域出現了(le)新的機遇，但(dàn)更多的可能(néng)是技術領域(yù)内的輸出，對(duì)不鏽鋼行業(ye)生産的影響(xiǎng)基本沒有。
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