OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.
中歐(ōu)投資協(xie)定，對不(bú)鏽鋼行(hang)業影響(xiang)幾何
2025年(nián)12月14日，中(zhōng)歐領導(dao)人共同(tóng)宣布完(wán)成中歐(ou)全面投(tou)資協議(yì)(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是一(yi)個框架(jia)協議，旨(zhǐ)在取代(dai)中國和(he)歐盟成(cheng)員國現(xiàn)有的雙(shuang)邊投資(zī)條約，構(gòu)建統一(yī)的中歐(ōu)雙邊投(tóu)資制度(du)。
這一談(tán)判經曆(li)了35輪磋(cuo)商，前後(hòu)持續超(chāo)過7年，談(tan)判曾一(yī)度停滞(zhì)，近一年(nián)半内有(you)所加快(kuài)，終于在(zài)2020年年底(di)完成談(tan)判，這也(yě)是繼區(qu)域全面(mian)經濟夥(huǒ)伴關系(xi)協定（RCEP）之(zhī)🔴後，中國(guo)完成的(de)🔞另一個(ge)重大對(dui)💜外開放(fàng)舉措，也(yě)是在多(duo)年的逆(nì)🛀🏻全球化(huà)進程中(zhōng)，多邊主(zhu)義取得(dé)的又一(yi)次意義(yì)重大的(de)勝利。
那(na)麼，“中歐(ōu)投資協(xié)定”談判(pan)的完成(cheng)，對不鏽(xiu)鋼行業(ye)會有影(ying)響嗎？
一(yī)、如果“中(zhong)歐投資(zī)協定”達(dá)成，歐盟(meng)對中國(guo)還會有(you)關稅壁(bi)壘麼？
近(jìn)年來，由(you)于歐盟(meng)對中國(guo)大陸的(de)不鏽鋼(gāng)出口持(chí)續的反(fǎn)傾銷，目(mu)前歐盟(meng)對中國(guó)大陸不(bú)鏽鋼的(de)征收稅(shuì)率高🧡達(dá)20%以上，那(nà)麼，如果(guǒ)“中歐投(tóu)資協定(dìng)”達成，歐(ōu)盟對中(zhōng)國還會(huì)有關稅(shuì)壁壘麼(me)？
首先需(xū)要明确(què)的是，“中(zhōng)歐投資(zī)協定”并(bìng)不涉及(jí)關稅問(wèn)⭐題。其次(cì)⚽，假設“中(zhōng)歐投資(zi)協定”對(duì)不鏽鋼(gang)出口有(you)一定利(li)好，主要(yào)系不鏽(xiu)鋼的👅相(xiàng)關制成(chéng)品，比如(rú)家電等(děng)等。但初(chū)步談判(pan)完成，協(xié)議需進(jin)一步轉(zhuan)化成法(fa)律條文(wén)，并經過(guo)歐洲議(yì)會批準(zhǔn)後才可(ke)生效。該(gai)過程預(yù)計将在(zài)2021年下半(bàn)年才可(kě)開始。
二(èr)、從歐洲(zhou)開放領(ling)域來看(kàn)，“中歐投(tou)資協定(dìng)”對中國(guó)不鏽鋼(gāng)企業走(zǒu)出去有(yǒu)何影響(xiǎng)？
但是從(cóng)不鏽鋼(gāng)企業角(jiǎo)度而言(yán)，國内不(bu)鏽鋼廠(chǎng)走出去(qù)🚩在🐪歐盟(meng)建廠的(de)可能性(xìng)微乎其(qi)微。由于(yú)歐洲的(de)廢🧑🏽🤝🧑🏻鋼積(jī)累量比(bi)較大，中(zhong)國不🏃🏻♂️鏽(xiu)鋼鋼廠(chang)走出去(qù)投資建(jiàn)設，在不(bú)鏽鋼冶(yě)煉成本(ben)✊上可能(neng)會享有(you)一些優(yōu)勢。但🔴是(shì)目前歐(ou)♉洲的不(bú)鏽👌鋼鋼(gāng)廠全部(bù)使用電(dian)爐生産(chan)，若📞去歐(ōu)洲建廠(chǎng)，整體成(cheng)本過于(yú)高昂。其(qi)次，從需(xū)求角度(du)🌐來講，歐(ou)洲本土(tu)不鏽鋼(gāng)生産逐(zhú)年下降(jiàng)，加之由(yóu)于新冠(guan)疫情的(de)☁️影響，歐(ōu)✉️洲經濟(ji)陷入低(di)迷，需求(qiú)端維持(chí)弱勢。因(yin)此，國内(nei)不鏽鋼(gang)廠去歐(ōu)洲建設(shè)工♍廠的(de)可能性(xing)，總體而(ér)言不存(cun)在。
三、從(cong)中國開(kāi)放領域(yu)來看，“中(zhōng)歐投資(zi)協定”對(duì)國内的(de)不鏽鋼(gāng)企業⁉️有(you)何影響(xiǎng)？
在談判(pàn)中，中國(guó)答應進(jin)一步開(kāi)放的領(lǐng)域包括(kuò)制造業(yè)、汽車、金(jin)融服務(wu)業、醫療(liao)健康、通(tōng)訊/雲服(fú)務、計算(suan)機服務(wù)、國際海(hai)運、航空(kong)運輸、商(shāng)業服務(wù)、環境服(fú)務等。目(mu)前，大約(yuē)一半的(de)歐盟對(duì)華直接(jiē)投資集(ji)中在制(zhì)造業領(ling)域，如運(yùn)輸和電(diàn)信設備(bèi)、化學品(pin)、健康設(she)備等等(děng)。而汽車(che)領域方(fāng)面，中國(guó)同意逐(zhú)步取消(xiao)合資企(qǐ)業要求(qiú)，承諾新(xīn)能源汽(qi)車的市(shi)場準入(ru)。此外，中(zhong)國同意(yi)取消金(jīn)融服務(wu)業及醫(yi)療健康(kang)領域中(zhōng)部分行(háng)業的合(he)資要求(qiu)。
站在歐(ou)盟的立(li)場，歐盟(meng)在中國(guo)的汽車(che)、消費品(pin)、生物醫(yī)藥、金融(rong)服務和(he)醫療衛(wei)生等衆(zhong)多領域(yu)出現了(le)新的機(ji)遇，但更(gèng)多的可(kě)能是技(jì)術領域(yu)内的輸(shū)出，對不(bú)鏽鋼行(háng)業生産(chǎn)的影響(xiang)基本沒(méi)有。
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